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RESEARCH ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE

SOD is a metal-containing antioxidant enzyme that reduces potentially harmful free radicals of oxygen formed during normal metabolic cell processes to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide -- abbreviation SOD. Therefore SOD reduces oxidative stress and can play a key role in moderating the ageing process. 

Single point mutations in SOD are associated with the development of a form of motor neuron disease. SOD is used to treat arthritis and other joint disorders, prevent side effects of cancer treatment, prostate problems, and Peyronie's disease. It is also used as an antioxidant. SOD is sometimes used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), prevent injury to transplant organs during surgery, and to prevent lung problems in premature infants

Source: 

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mplusdictionary.html and

http://www.genesishealth.com/micromedex/altmedgen/ame0331.aspx)

Research Overview:

Superoxide dismutase research reveals the following:

1. Reduces ishemia reperfusion injury
2. Protects against ishemic brain injury
3. Helps heal corneal ulcers
4. Reduces brain swelling after traumatic brain injury
5. Protects organs following burn injury
6. Speeds healing following burn injury
7. Reduces long term damage from burn injury
8. Is effective in treating inflammatory diseases
9. Prevents lipid peroxidation
10. Prevents smoke inhalation injury
11. Protects from radiation injury
12. Reduces periodontal inflammation
13. Prevents side effects from cancer drugs
14. Treats inflammation from arthritis
15. Reduces inflammatory bowel disease
16. Is an effective antioxidant

A SMALL SAMPLING OF SOD RESEARCH:

1: Shimizu K, Rajapakse N, Horiguchi T, Payne RM, Busija DW. 
Neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rat brain by novel superoxide dismutase mimetics.
Neurosci Lett. 2003 Jul 31;346(1-2):41-4. 
PMID: 12850543 

2: Shimmura S, Igarashi R, Yaguchi H, Ohashi Y, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K. 
Lecithin-bound superoxide dismutase in the treatment of noninfectious corneal ulcers.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 May;135(5):613-9. 
PMID: 12719067 

3: Jobe AH. 
An unanticipated benefit of the treatment of preterm infants with CuZn superoxide dismutase.
Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):680. 
PMID: 12612258 

4: Davis JM, Parad RB, Michele T, Allred E, Price A, Rosenfeld W; North American Recombinant Human CuZnSOD Study Group. 
Pulmonary outcome at 1 year corrected age in premature infants treated at birth with recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase.
Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):469-76. 
PMID: 12612223 

5: Yunoki M, Kawauchi M, Ukita N, Sugiura T, Ohmoto T. 
Effects of lecithinized superoxide dismutase on neuronal cell loss in CA3 hippocampus after traumatic brain injury in rats.
Surg Neurol. 2003 Mar;59(3):156-60; discussion 160-1. 
PMID: 12681536 

6: Serkedjieva J, Roeva I, Angelova M, Dolashka P, Voelter WG. 
Combined protective effect of a fungal Cu/Zn-containing superoxide dismutase and rimantadine hydrochloride in experimental murine influenza a virus infection.
Acta Virol. 2003;47(1):53-6. 
PMID: 12828346 

7: Salvemini D, Cuzzocrea S. 
Therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutase mimetics as therapeutic agents in critical care medicine.
Crit Care Med. 2003 Jan;31(1 Suppl):S29-38. Review. 
PMID: 12544974 

8: Paramonov BA, Churilova IV, Zinov'ev EV, Chebotarev VY. 
Erysod, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase preparation: effects on LPO processes and morphological changes in the viscera of rats with burns under conditions of delayed antishock infusion therapy.
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002 Dec;134(6):578-82. 
PMID: 12660843 

9: Churilova IV, Zinov'ev EV, Paramonov BA, Drozdova YI, Sidel'nikov VO, Chebotarev VY. 
Effect of Erysod (erythrocyte superoxide dismutase) on blood concentration of reactive oxygen species in patients with severe burns and burn shock.
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002 Nov;134(5):454-6. 
PMID: 12802450 

10: Vorauer-Uhl K, Furnschlief E, Wagner A, Ferko B, Katinger H. 
Reepithelialization of experimental scalds effected by topically applied superoxide dismutase: controlled animal studies.
Wound Repair Regen. 2002 Nov-Dec;10(6):366-71. 
PMID: 12453140 

11: Luisa Corvo M, Jorge JC, van't Hof R, Cruz ME, Crommelin DJ, Storm G. 
Superoxide dismutase entrapped in long-circulating liposomes: formulation design and therapeutic activity in rat adjuvant arthritis.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Aug 19;1564(1):227-36. 
PMID: 12101017 

12: Zhang Y, Wang JZ, Wu YJ, Li WG. 
Anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant human superoxide dismutase in rats and mice and its mechanism.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 May;23(5):439-44. 
PMID: 11978194 

13: Giardino R, Giavaresi G, Fini M, Torricelli P, Guzzardella GA. 
The role of different chemical modifications of superoxide dismutase in preventing a prolonged muscular ischemia/ reperfusion injury.
Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2002 May;30(3):189-98. 
PMID: 12066874 

14: Bone HG, Sakurai H, Schenarts PJ, Traber LD, Traber DL. 
Effects of manganese superoxide dismutase, when given after inhalation injury has been established.
Crit Care Med. 2002 Apr;30(4):856-60. 
PMID: 11940759 

15: Davis JM. 
Role of oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of neonatal lung disease.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2002;91(437):23-5. Review. 
PMID: 12200893 

16: Ivanova E, Angelova M, Slokoska L, Pashova S, Toshkova R, Dolashka-Angelova P, Dimitrova P, Voelter W. 
Effect of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase from the fungal strain Humicola lutea 103 on antioxidant defense of Graffi tumor-bearing hamsters.
Z Naturforsch [C]. 2002 Jan-Feb;57(1-2):197-204. 
PMID: 11926535 

17: Nishikawa M, Nagatomi H, Nishijima M, Ohira G, Chang BJ, Sato E, Inoue M. 
Targeting superoxide dismutase to renal proximal tubule cells inhibits nephrotoxicity of cisplatin and increases the survival of cancer-bearing mice.
Cancer Lett. 2001 Oct 10;171(2):133-8. 
PMID: 11520596 

18: Steinhorn RH, Albert G, Swartz DD, Russell JA, Levine CR, Davis JM. 
Recombinant human superoxide dismutase enhances the effect of inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Sep 1;164(5):834-9. 
PMID: 11549542 

19: Riedl CR, Plas E, Vorauer K, Vcelar B, Wagner A, Pfluger H. 
Pilot study on liposomal recombinant human superoxide dismutase for the treatment of Peyronie's disease.
Eur Urol. 2001 Sep;40(3):343-8; discussion 348-9. Review. 
PMID: 11684853 

20: Yabe Y, Kobayashi N, Nishihashi T, Takahashi R, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y, Hashida M. 
Prevention of neutrophil-mediated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by superoxide dismutase and catalase derivatives.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):894-9. 
PMID: 11504782 

21: Epperly MW, Kagan VE, Sikora CA, Gretton JE, Defilippi SJ, Bar-Sagi D, Greenberger JS. 
Manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) administration protects mice from esophagitis associated with fractionated radiation.
Int J Cancer. 2001 Aug 20;96(4):221-31. 
PMID: 11474496 

22: Hangaishi M, Nakajima H, Taguchi J, Igarashi R, Hoshino J, Kurokawa K, Kimura S, Nagai R, Ohno M. 
Lecithinized Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase limits the infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts in vivo.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Aug 3;285(5):1220-5. 
PMID: 11478786 

23: Nakamura T, Ogawa Y. 
Prophylactic effects of recombinant human superoxide dismutase in neonatal lung injury induced by the intratracheal instillation of endotoxin in piglets.
Biol Neonate. 2001 Aug;80(2):163-8. 
PMID: 11509818 

24: Vorauer-Uhl K, Furnschlief E, Wagner A, Ferko B, Katinger H. 
Topically applied liposome encapsulated superoxide dismutase reduces postburn wound size and edema formation.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001 Aug;14(1):63-7. 
PMID: 11457651 

25: Kanamasa K, Ishida N, Ishikawa K. 
Protective effect of PEG-SOD against early coronary reperfusion injury assessed in reperfused and non-reperfused ischaemic areas of the same heart.
Acta Cardiol. 2001 Jun;56(3):181-6. 
PMID: 11471931 

26: Zanetti M, Sato J, Katusic ZS, O'Brien T. 
Gene transfer of superoxide dismutase isoforms reverses endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rabbit aorta.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Jun;280(6):H2516-23. 
PMID: 11356606 

27: de Bono S. 
SOD mimic minimizes pain.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2001 May;26(5):283. 
PMID: 11343917 

28: Zhong Z, Connor HD, Yin M, Wheeler MD, Mason RP, Thurman RG. 
Viral delivery of superoxide dismutase gene reduces cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity.
Kidney Int. 2001 Apr;59(4):1397-404. 
PMID: 11260401 

29: Muzykantov VR. 
Targeting of superoxide dismutase and catalase to vascular endothelium.
J Control Release. 2001 Mar 12;71(1):1-21. Review. 
PMID: 11245904 

30: Nishikawa M, Nagatomi H, Chang BJ, Sato E, Inoue M. 
Targeting superoxide dismutase to renal proximal tubule cells inhibits mitochondrial injury and renal dysfunction inuduced by cisplatin.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Mar 1;387(1):78-84. 
PMID: 11368186 

31: Baumgardner KR, Sulfaro MA. 
The anti-inflammatory effects of human recombinant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase on pulp inflammation.
J Endod. 2001 Mar;27(3):190-5. 
PMID: 11487150 

32: Muzykantov VR. 
Delivery of antioxidant enzyme proteins to the lung.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2001 Feb;3(1):39-62. Review. 
PMID: 11291598 

33: Petelin M, Pavlica Z, Ivanusa T, Sentjurc M, Skaleric U. 
Local delivery of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase and catalase suppress periodontal inflammation in beagles.
J Clin Periodontol. 2000 Dec;27(12):918-25. 
PMID: 11140559 

34: Udipi K, Ornberg RL, Thurmond KB 2nd, Settle SL, Forster D, Riley D. 
Modification of inflammatory response to implanted biomedical materials in vivo by surface bound superoxide dismutase mimics.
J Biomed Mater Res. 2000 Sep 15;51(4):549-60. 
PMID: 10880102 

35: Nagler RM, Reznick AZ, Slavin S, Nagler A. 
Partial protection of rat parotid glands from irradiation-induced hyposalivation by manganese superoxide dismutase.
Arch Oral Biol. 2000 Sep;45(9):741-7. 
PMID: 10869487 

36: Dimitrova PA, Toshkova RA, Ivanova EH, Stefanova ZH, Angelova MB, Dolashka PA, Voelter W. 
Superoxide production by phagocytes in myeloid Graffi tumor-bearing hamsters.
Z Naturforsch [C]. 2000 Sep-Oct;55(9-10):799-805. 
PMID: 11098834 

37: Ratcheva I, Stefanova Z, Vesselinova A, Nikolova S, Kujumdjieva A, Neychev H. 
Treatment of adjuvant arthritis in mice with yeast superoxide dismutase.
Pharmazie. 2000 Jul;55(7):533-7. 
PMID: 10944784 

38: Kojima K, Matsui K, Nagase M. 
Protection of alpha(3) integrin-mediated podocyte shape by superoxide dismutase in the puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis rat.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2000 Jun;35(6):1175-85. 
PMID: 10845833 

39: Vemulapalli R, He Y, Cravero S, Sriranganathan N, Boyle SM, Schurig GG. 
Overexpression of protective antigen as a novel approach to enhance vaccine efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51.
Infect Immun. 2000 Jun;68(6):3286-9. 
PMID: 10816475 

40: Davis JM, Richter SE, Biswas S, Rosenfeld WN, Parton L, Gewolb IH, Parad R, Carlo W, Couser RJ, Baumgart S, Atluru V, Salerno L, Kassem N. 
Long-term follow-up of premature infants treated with prophylactic, intratracheal recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase.
J Perinatol. 2000 Jun;20(4):213-6. 
PMID: 10879331 

41: Garcia-Gonzalez A, Morales-Hernandez RC, Porta-Gandara MA, Rubio-Cerda E, Ochoa JL. 
Superoxide dismutase and Naproxen in the very late phase of carrageenan induced edema in rats.
Rev Invest Clin. 2000 Mar-Apr;52(2):156-60. 
PMID: 10846439 

42: Swart PJ, Hirano T, Kuipers ME, Ito Y, Smit C, Hashida M, Nishikawa M, Beljaars L, Meijer DK, Poelstra K. 
Targeting of superoxide dismutase to the liver results in anti-inflammatory effects in rats with fibrotic livers.
J Hepatol. 1999 Dec;31(6):1034-43. 
PMID: 10604577 

43: Rios L, Cluzel J, Vennat JC, Menerath JM, Doly M. 
Comparison of intraocular treatment of DMTU and SOD following retinal ischemia in rats.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Dec;15(6):547-56. 
PMID: 10609777 

44: Maksimenko AV, Tischenko EG, Golubykh VL. 
Antithrombotic activity of the superoxide dismutase-chondroitin sulfate complexes in a rat model of arterial injury.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999 Nov;13(6):479-84. 
PMID: 10686656 

45: Nishikawa M, Igarashi R, Nakazawa T, Aikawa E. 
Rescue of (NZB x NZW) F1 mice from oxygen-derived free radical injury by use of phosphatidylcholine-modified superoxide dismutase.
Lab Anim Sci. 1999 Oct;49(5):560-4. 
PMID: 10551459 

46: Yavuz Y, Yuksel M, Yegen BC, Alican I. 
The effect of antioxidant therapy on colonic inflammation in the rat.
Res Exp Med (Berl). 1999 Oct;199(2):101-10. 
PMID: 10550643 

47: Corvo ML, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ, Van Bloois L, Cruz ME, Crommelin DJ, Storm G. 
Intravenous administration of superoxide dismutase entrapped in long circulating liposomes. II. In vivo fate in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Jul 15;1419(2):325-34. 
PMID: 10407083 

48: Kondo T, Terajima H, Todoroki T, Hirano T, Ito Y, Usia T, Messmer K. 
Prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by SOD-DIVEMA conjugate.
J Surg Res. 1999 Jul;85(1):26-36. 
PMID: 10383834 

49: Garcia-Gonzalez A, Ochoa JL. 
Anti-inflammatory activity of Debaryomyces hansenii Cu,Zn-SOD.
Arch Med Res. 1999 Jan-Feb;30(1):69-73. 
PMID: 10071429 

50: Nguyen WD, Kim DH, Alam HB, Provido HS, Kirkpatrick JR. 
Polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase inhibits lipid peroxidation in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Crit Care. 1999;3(5):127-30. Epub 1999 Sep 23. 
PMID: 11056736 

51: Davis JM. 
Superoxide dismutase: a role in the prevention of chronic lung disease.
Biol Neonate. 1998 Sep;74 Suppl 1:29-34. Review. 
PMID: 9730589 

52: Lamproglou I, Magdelenat H, Boisserie G, Baillet F, Mayo W, Fessi H, Puisieux F, Perderau B, Colas-Linhart N, Delattre JY. 
An experimental model of acute encephalopathy after total body irradiation in the rat: effect of liposome-entrapped Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Aug 1;42(1):179-84. 
PMID: 9747836 

53: Li X, Wang LJ, Tang N, Yue H, Huang Y, Lu J, Wang B. 
Effects of isovolumetric hemodilution treatment and superoxide dismutase on ischemic reperfused hearts in rabbit.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 1998 Jul;18(2-3):157-63. 
PMID: 9699037 

54: D'Agnillo F, Chang TM. 
Polyhemoglobin-superoxide dismutase-catalase as a blood substitute with antioxidant properties.
Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Jul;16(7):667-71. 
PMID: 9661202 

55: Maksimenko AV, Tishchenko EG, Golubykh VL. 
[Antithrombotic activity of complexes of superoxide dismutase with chondroitin sulfate in arterial damage in rats]
Vopr Med Khim. 1998 Jul-Aug;44(4):353-61. Russian. 
PMID: 9845922 

56: Das S, Horowitz S, Robbins CG, el-Sabban ME, Sahgal N, Davis JM. 
Intracellular uptake of recombinant superoxide dismutase after intratracheal administration.
Am J Physiol. 1998 May;274(5 Pt 1):L673-7. 
PMID: 9612281 

57: Ambrosio G, Zweier JL, Becker LC. 
Apoptosis is prevented by administration of superoxide dismutase in dogs with reperfused myocardial infarction.
Basic Res Cardiol. 1998 Apr;93(2):94-6. 
PMID: 9601575 

58: Miyahara T, Shibamoto T, Wang HG, Koizumi T, Honda T, Kubo K, Sekiguchi M, Koyama S. 
Lecithinized superoxide dismutase attenuates phorbol myristate acetate-induced injury in isolated dog lung.
Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 Mar 5;344(2-3):231-9. 
PMID: 9600659 

59: Tu Q, Tang J, Shen L, Lei Y, Yu S, Zhou J, He J, Chen C, Zhang F, Zhang F, Dong F, Peng H, Tan H. 
[The second phase clinical observation of anti-radiation effect by superoxide dismutase]
Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1998;23(3):308-10. Chinese. 
PMID: 10681768 

60: Baker K, Marcus CB, Huffman K, Kruk H, Malfroy B, Doctrow SR. 
Synthetic combined superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics are protective as a delayed treatment in a rat stroke model: a key role for reactive oxygen species in ischemic brain injury.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jan;284(1):215-21. 
PMID: 9435181 

61: Gusev VA, Danilovskaia EV. 
[The influence of superoxide dismutase and catalase on the course of the pathological process in the lungs in experimental silicosis]
Med Tr Prom Ekol. 1998;(10):17-21. Russian. 
PMID: 9855741

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